Anti-Aging Medical & Laser Clinic
Book Consultation

Evidence

Research & medical resources

A curated, growing library of the evidence behind our medical education — selected for quality and relevance, organized by area of care. It is deliberately curated, not exhaustive.

How we use evidence

We use research to answer a simple question — why do we believe this? — and clinical judgement to answer another: what does it mean for you? The sources below support statements on our concern, treatment and technology pages. Where the best available evidence concerns a broader modality rather than a specific branded device, we say so; where it is limited, mixed or manufacturer-funded, we disclose that rather than overstate it. Health Canada authorization is noted separately from clinical efficacy.

Selected evidence by area

A selection of the peer-reviewed literature and patient-grade medical references behind our content. This library is being expanded, with Canadian regulatory and guideline sources (Health Canada, and societies such as the CDA, SOGC, CUA, CCS, Diabetes Canada and Obesity Canada) prioritized as it grows.

Acne & skin health

  • Cong T-X, et al. From pathogenesis of acne vulgaris to anti-acne agents. Arch Dermatol Res. 2019. PubMed
  • Alexiades M, et al. A novel 1726 nm laser for moderate-to-severe acne across skin types. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2023. PubMed
  • Mayo Clinic. Acne — Symptoms and causes. mayoclinic.org

Skin aging, laxity & scars

  • Jerdan K, Fabi SG. A noninvasive approach to off-face skin laxity and tightening. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2015. PubMed
  • Gutowski KA. Microfocused ultrasound for skin tightening. Clin Plast Surg. 2016. PubMed
  • Aktöz F, et al. Fractional microneedle RF vs fractional CO₂ laser for striae distensae: systematic review and meta-analysis. Lasers Med Sci. 2024. PubMed

Cellulite

  • Intagliata D, Garo ML. The role of ultrasound in the diagnosis and treatment of cellulite: a systematic review. J Clin Med. 2026. Europe PMC

Body contouring & metabolic

  • Ingargiola MJ, et al. Cryolipolysis for fat reduction and body contouring: safety and efficacy of current treatment paradigms. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2015. PubMed
  • Kent DE, Jacob CI. Simultaneous changes in abdominal adipose and muscle following HIFEM technology: CT evaluation. J Drugs Dermatol. 2019. PubMed
  • Tchernof A, Després J-P. Pathophysiology of human visceral obesity: an update. Physiol Rev. 2013. PubMed
  • Kostek MA, et al. Subcutaneous fat alterations resulting from an upper-body resistance training program. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007. PubMed

Redness & rosacea

Injectables

  • Mayo Clinic. Botox injections — About (mechanism, duration, uses including hyperhidrosis). mayoclinic.org

Regenerative (PDRN)

  • Evidence for topical PDRN is limited and largely mechanism-based; most published research concerns injectable PDRN, which is not Health Canada authorized. Sources to be added as independent literature is reviewed.

Facial muscle stimulation & TMJ (Emface / RF + HIFES)

  • Kim S-B, et al. RF and HIFES for non-invasive correction of asymmetric smiles and facial rejuvenation: a case report. Skin Res Technol. 2024. doi:10.1111/srt.13885
  • Dhanani S, Kulic K, Chandra T. TMJ dysfunction management using ultra-low-frequency HIFES and synchronized RF: preliminary results. Manufacturer-supported single-arm study (25 patients).
  • Applegate B, Chandra T, Dhanani S, Wade J. HIFES & synchronized RF for pain and functional disability in TMJ pain: prospective multicenter single-arm study. Manufacturer-supported (48 patients).

Note: the TMJ evidence is manufacturer-supported and single-arm (no comparator); independent, controlled and longer-term data are limited.

Areas in progress

Curated Canadian-first sources for pigmentation, hair loss, hormonal & menopause health, men’s and sexual health, weight & metabolic health, preventive medicine, and musculoskeletal/sports medicine are being added, prioritizing Health Canada, Canadian specialty-society guidelines and Cochrane reviews.

Using this library

This is a selective library, not a complete bibliography: we include the references that genuinely support important clinical conclusions rather than one for every sentence. A citation shows where a conclusion comes from; it is not a promise of a particular result for any individual. This page is reviewed and updated as evidence changes, and, like the rest of the site, it is educational and does not replace an individualized medical assessment.