Laser treatment can cause temporary redness, swelling, pinpoint bleeding, darkening or lightening of the skin, blistering and, less commonly, lasting changes in pigmentation or scarring. The risk of pigment change can be higher in darker skin tones, so wavelength and settings must be chosen carefully.
Eye protection is essential. Laser light can cause serious and permanent injury to the eye, so protective eyewear is worn by everyone in the room throughout treatment, and the eye area is shielded when work is carried out nearby. Treatment on or very close to the eyelid or eyebrow, including cosmetic tattoo in those areas, needs particular care and is not always appropriate.
Specific to tattoo work: cosmetic and flesh-toned inks, including those used for eyebrow, lip and permanent-makeup tattoos, can darken immediately rather than fade, because of the way certain pigments react to laser light. This is not always predictable, so a test patch is often used before treating such tattoos. Clearance is also gradual and sometimes incomplete: some tattoos leave a faint shadow or residual pigment even after a full course, and results vary with ink colour, depth, age and how your own body clears the fragments. Rarely, breaking ink down can provoke an allergic reaction.
Where a fractional handpiece is used on facial skin, anyone with a history of cold sores should mention it, as treatment can trigger a recurrence and preventive antiviral medication may be advised.
Treatment is generally avoided over active infection or in certain skin conditions, and some medications or a history of light sensitivity may affect suitability. Its use in pregnancy is generally not advised, and recent tanning usually means postponing. Sun protection before and after treatment is important. A clinical assessment reviews your skin type, medical history and expectations, and determines whether treatment is appropriate for you.
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